Numerous studies on flexible transparent electrodes have achieved mechanical bending durable OPV devices with performance comparable to indium tin oxide (ITO) analogs 6, 7, 8. Devices that can conform to the skin surface seamlessly would provide an accurate and precise measurement of any physiological signal of interest 5. Wearable organic photovoltaics (WOPVs) for self-powered electronic skins, human–machine interactions (HMIs), real-time health monitoring, internet of things (IoTs) require a strong and comfortable adhesion that adapts to the complexity of human’s skin movement without compromising their performance and lifetime 1, 2, 3, 4. This demonstrates the great potential of the integration of OPVs and OPDs, capable of harvesting energy independently for biomedical applications, paving the way to a future of independent conformable wearable OPV/OPDs for different applications. As a result of all these properties, the STE enables the fabrication of a highly efficient ultraflexible wearable device comprising of both organic photovoltaic (OPV) and organic photodetector (OPD) parts with high mechanical durability and conformability, for energy-harvesting and biomedical-sensing applications, respectively. This layer possesses transparency of >88% over a wide spectrum range of 400–1000 nm, sheet resistance below 20 Ω sq −1, stretchability of up to 100%, enhanced mechanical robustness, low surface roughness, and good interfacial wettability for solution process. Here, we adopt a nonuniform Young’s modulus structure with silver nanowire (AgNW) and fabricate a STE layer.
To achieve adhesive and conformable wearable electronics, improving stretchable transparent electrode (STE) becomes an indispensable bottleneck needed to be addressed.
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